Community Based Corrections Viable Alternative to...

Community-based corrections alleviate overcrowded correctional facilities, reduce taxpayer burden, and rehabilitate offenders, while providing effective, efficient low cost methods of supporting public safety, community rehabilitation, behavior modification and personnel responsibility, because it uses multiple approaches and involves both legislative and judicial personnel in all steps of the process. Community-based corrections facilities are located in the community and support diverse rehabilitative programs including restitution, community service and repayment of monetary fines (Moses, 2007). Community-based correction is not incarceration; there is accountability, responsibility and supervision with graduation within nine and twenty†¦show more content†¦Preserving the criminal justice system and reducing the burden on the taxpayer goes hand in hand, however, not focusing on community service and alternative methods of punishment continue to prove counterproductive to zero recidivism. Community-based corrections have been show to be an effective alternative to incarceration (Moses, 2007). Researchers have a positive attitude towards community-based corrections, while the public’s perception is negative. The focus of the research is economic effectiveness and humanistic treatment of the offenders. The results indict a need for wider implementation of community-based correction programs. The funding is significantly lower for taxpayers than correctional facilities (Moses, 2007). Community-based correction reduces the overall cost spent on corrections; reduces the prison population and gives the public more control over its criminal population. â€Å"Landerville agreed â€Å"It is possible to speak about real saving of public funds by using community corrections only when â€Å"they are presented as alternatives to imprisonment and are suggested as a means of reducing overpopulation† to achieve positive results only â€Å"on the condition that is presented prudently and it is well documented.† Ninety percent of the traditional incarceration is a fixed cost. To reduce costs the existing system needs a notable change and elimination of correctional institutions, instead of usingShow MoreRelatedCommunity Corrections1082 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity corrections is a range of alternative punishments for nonviolent offenders. There are two basic community corrections models in the United States. In the first model, integrated community corrections programs combine sentencing guidelines and judicial discretion (front-end) with a variety of alternative sanctions and parole and probation options. In the second model, some states have instituted programs in which correctional officials may direct already sentenced offenders into alternativeRead MoreRehabilitation Paper1187 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter them. This paper will break down rehabilitation in prison and the origin of where it came from. Also we will discuss how parole differs from mandatory release and how probation differs from other forms of sentencing. We will also discuss community corrections and what it means and furthermore, we will critique the current rehabilitation options and if there are better options or solutions that may be used in today’s prison system. Rehabilitation means to restore to useful life, as through therapyRead MoreProbation: Prison and Community Corrections Movement1941 Words   |  8 PagesThe second one believes that working with these people change their ways reduce crime (The U .S. Penal System: Restorative and /or Retributive Justice).The third restorative theory aims to reintroduce and re-incorporate the persons back into the community after retribution or rehabilitation. The retributive theory is optimistic and believes that people are innately good such that prison cells are built so that the prisoner inside the cell can be silent. As he is silent, he can meditate on his wrong-doingsRead MoreEssay on Models of Criminal Justice: Exploring the Probation System1842 Words   |  8 Pagesreduces crime. The second one believes that working with these people change their ways reduce crime (The U .S . Penal System :Restorative and /or Retributive Justice . The third one aims to reintroduce and re-incorporate the persons back into the community after retribution or rehabilitation . The first one is optimistic and believes that people are innately good such that prison cells are built so that the prisoner inside the cell can be silent. As he is silent, he can meditate on his wrong-doingsRead MoreEssay The War on Drugs1347 Words   |  6 Pagesanother problem has surfaced—prison overcrowding. Because of this overcrowding, a shift to community-based alternatives has been incorporated in an effort to help to alleviate this ever increasing problem. This paper will examine a few of these alternatives. Community Based Alternatives nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With the rise in incarcerating a felon, the court system is trying to find alternative based sentencing. It is a hard task, because of the variety of crimes committed. If a personRead MorePunishment Versus Rehabilitation1513 Words   |  7 PagesRehabilitation Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarcerated the individual may have the opportunity to receive rehabilitation. Does it mean that the individual will be rehabilitatedRead MoreEssay on Halfway Houses3162 Words   |  13 PagesOther Prison Alternatives For as long as there have been people, there have been violations of societal norms. With these violations comes the question, how do we solve these problems or violations? There have been many attempts to solve these problems, for example, in many cases from the beginning of time retribution has been the answer. Another form of punishment was eventually invented that would isolate offenders from the rest of the community. This punishment called incarceration, or prisonRead MoreAnalyzing Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections within the Correctional Practices2500 Words   |  10 PagesIntermediate sanctions and community corrections are increasingly used to fill the gap between the classic sanctions of imprisonment and probation. The applications of these intermediate measures, including particularly community service, have proved problematic. Fortunately, measures can be taken to greatly improve intermediate sanctions and community service, in particular, can be impr oved through communication. Body: Analyzing Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections within the CorrectionalRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is The Protection Of Its Citizens From Criminal Victimization1820 Words   |  8 Pagesthree components of the criminal justice system; policing, the court system, and correction. The policing component of the criminal justice system is comprised of the police department and the officers who enforce the laws. The court system component is comprised the court and the court process. In this component is where criminals are able to have their due process based upon their constitutional right. The corrections component is where the sentences of criminals are conveyed and facilitated. CorrectionalRead More Juvenile Boot Camps Do Not Reduce Juvenile Delinquency Essay3001 Words   |  13 Pagesmodern developments. The United States developed the first youth court in 1899 and is now home to many new and formerly untested methods of juvenile rehabilitation and correction. One of many unique programs within the Juvenile Justice system, boot camps are institutions designed to keep delinquent juveniles out of traditional incarceration facilities and still provide a structured method of punishment and rehabilitation. Boot camps developed in the early 1990s and quickly proliferated throughout the

The Latino/Hispanic Class Is The Only Racial Grouping...

The Latino/Hispanic class is the only racial grouping calculated individually by the United States Census. According to the U.S. Census, a Latino/Hispanic individual can be of several nationalities. There is an extreme amount of variables in the cultural class, which may puzzle some individuals on what is considered to be a Hispanic person or something different. The census classification of Hispanic became approved about the late 20th century. The term has produced a lot of misunderstanding. In the 40s, Head of state Roosevelt made a contract in which we had made agreements with Mexico. In spite of this, when three migrants were not permitted residency because they were not Caucasian, the president avoided the bylaw and calculated†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, in various areas of the world this is not the circumstance, there are African Americans that have Spanish backgrounds or ancestries, including the United States. After it was occupied, and revealed by Europeans. T his formed the slave deal between the Americas, Europe and Africa. They participated in exchange merchandises. Europeans were not the earliest to overthrow the African people and force them to be slaves. Slavery had been a projecting force within Africa at the time. Once Africans were presented into the Americas, there was a dissimilar aptitude of values. However due to boundaries, the variation never happened until after the Revolutionary Battle and a few years after the Civil War of the United States. After this the United States underwent an outburst of cultures, stretching from Mexicans to African Americans. Africans were initially brought to the Americas by the Europeans and the Portuguese to work on the plantations in South America. They were presented to the Americas Africans were originally brought to the Americas, by the Europeans and the Portuguese, to work on the plantations and sugar farms in South America. They were presented to the Americas as soon as it was occupied, and noticed by other Europeans. This formed the slave deal between the Americas and Europe and Africa. They would partake in swapping merchandises. As a side note, The Latino/HispanicShow MoreRelatedObesity And The United States2030 Words   |  9 Pagessystematic literature review that investigate the effect of environment’s structure on the rate of obesity. While 17 of those studies show a significant relationship between those two variables, three of them found no relationship. At a county-level, only two studies (Holzer, Canavan and Bradley 2014; Slack, Myers, Martin et al. 2014) have investigated the geographical variability in the rate of obesity. They discovered that higher obesity rates were linked with counties with lower number of dentistsRead MoreThe Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Students Achievements in Biology13494 Words   |  54 Pagesliving things Pathology –Examines the changes that occur in the body that can cause disease or are caused by disease. Cytology -It is the study of the structure, composition and function of cells Embryology –It is the study of organisms that can be seen only with the aid of microscope Neurobiology –deals with the nervous systems of animals 2.3 STUDENT ROLE PERFORMANCE Student Role Performance (SRP) is how well an individual fulfills the role of a student in an educational institution.The affect thatRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pageseconomy has become a service economy, and that shift is expected to continue. Over 80% of U.S. jobs are in service industries, and most new jobs created by the year 2006 also will be in services. It is estimated that manufacturing jobs will represent only 12% to 15% of all U.S. jobs by that date. Workforce Availability and Quality In many parts of the United States today, significant workforce shortages exist due to an inadequate supply of workers with the skills needed to perform the jobs beingRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pagesthat prescribe specific conduct are punitive, and violations of these provisions may subject offenders to nonjudicial or judicial action under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The equal opportunity terms found in the glossary are applicable only to uniformed personnel. AR 690–600 contains similar terms that are applicable to Department of Defense civilians. Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this regulation is the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1. The proponent has the authorityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescircumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff extended the retreatRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesand Pregnancy Prevention (CACSAP/Cal-SAFE) California Association for Bilingual Education (CABE) California Association for the Education of Young Children (CAEYC) California Association of Family Child Care (CAFCC) California Association of Latino Superintendents and Administrators (CALSA) California Child Care Coordinators Association California Child Care Resource and Referral Network (CCCRRN) California Child Development Administrators Association (CCDAA) California Child DevelopmentRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pageschannel Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Objective: 4 Difficulty: Moderate 66) Which of the following is most consistent with the integrated marketing approach? A) A good product will sell itself. B) If left alone, consumers are inclined to purchase only inexpensive products. C) All communication to consumers must deliver a consistent message irrespective of the medium. D) In order to succeed, the main focus should be on having an efficient production process in place. E) Online marketing is lessRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesinformation service. †¢ Case Studies: Case studies are invaluable adjuncts to most management classes. This section of the Web site contains case studies related to library management written by A. J. Anderson and others that can be used in or outside of class to further learning. †¢ Exercises: This section contains some exercises and simulations that we have used successfully in our own management teaching. These activities are designed to help students learn by doing and then reflecting on the experience

American Literature Order Free Essays

As I lay dying by William Faulkner tells the story of the death of Addie Bundren and the trials her family undergoes as they carry her body to Jefferson, Mississippi, for her burial. Addie’s husband, Anse; her four sons, Cash, Darl, Jewel and Vardaman; her, daugter Dewey Dell; and several neighbors all reveal their relationship to Addie in the course of the story. A series of mishaps besets the family; in crossing a flooding river. We will write a custom essay sample on American Literature Order or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mules drown, Cash’s leg is broken, and the coffin is upset and rescued by Jewel. Later, in the story the family rests at a farmhouse, where Darl sets fire to the barn, in an  attempt to destroy the now-putrescent corpse; again the coffin is rescued by Jewel. The family reaches Jefferson to bury Addie; Karl is taken to the insane asylum, and Anse acquires a new wife. It is revealed in the course of the narrative that Jewel was born of Addies illicit affair with Whitfield, who is local preacher. Addie’s relationship to Anse had been spiritually and emotionally barren of feelings, and was based on words alone. Significally, Jewel is a silent man and is active and passionate, while Darl is sensitive and is perceptive, as he is living inside the world of his own mind. The story unfolds in some sixty short sections, each labeled with the name of the character who is to narrate his or her thoughts and perceptions next. Like THE SOUND AND THE FURY, Faulkner, utilizes the stream of conscious technique. AS I LAY DYING is a grim story of the ordeals of fire and water, the novel is often called comic, ending with the new wife, who is â€Å"Duck-shaped† and popeyed. The point of view in Faulkner’s AS I LAY DYING I find is an experiment in narrative Page 2 writing. The language in which Faulkner utilizes with each character as they turns narrating the story is highly subjective and highly. Each character having a recognizable change in their individual voice. Each character lends a different characteristic to their section from confessional to a stream of consciousness. The novel itself is a collection of inner monologues, which consists of fragmented passages that piece together Addie Brundren’s story of her death and the transport of her body to Jefferson. The story demonstrates unity, although the narrative appears fragmentary. The story is limited to the span of only a few days, and the sub-plots are interwoven logically. It is to the reader’s advantage that the authors innovative unified set of events forces the reader to look at the story from different perspectives, from which are highly subjective. Faulkner made use some of this technique first in THE SOUND OF THE FURY. However in AS I LAY DYING, he provides the reader with an even greater range of voices. Additionally, THE SOUND AND THE FURY, also provides a clearer distinction between reliable and unreliable sources. The voices in AS I LAY DYING are many and ambiguous. Darl is the first narrator and most important of the novel. He is also sensitive, intuitive, and intelligent. His monologues are more eloquent and represent the most intricate representation of the process of thought. Some of the other interior monologues are straightforward, except Darl’s, which is more of a stream-of- consciousness. One of the challenges of the novel is the complete absence of an objective perspective. All we learn about the characters in the novel is told to us through the eyes of a subjective narrator, because of Darl’s sensitivity and isolation from the other Page 3 characters involved in the story. The readers relay on his version of the events happening in the story. Darl is eloquent and intelligent and is also isolated. Isolation plays a recurring role in the novel. The novels unique structure highlights the characters isolation. An example of this is when Darl tells the readers what he alone can observe, and his isolation is the most poetic and the most tragic. The readers feel, from the very first section, the strong sensory and sensual images in Faulkner’s novel. Although the novel takes the form of interior monologues, each character in the novel is powerfully influenced, in their own way by the physicality of their own place in the world. The place in society, women have during the time of the novel are pieus, Isolated, lonely and annoying to the reader and the other characters in the book. Dewey’s Dell isolation is apparent in her narrative. The only daughter of the family, Addie’s death leaves her as the sole female. This role might explain the possessiveness she feels as she watches over Addie. She is lonely, isolated and is suffering from it. Some part of her excepts and enjoys this isolation. She resents and fears Darl because he intuitively understands her isolation and can see her secrets. Dewey Dell seems partial to Darl most of the time. Both enjoy a closeness and love that is evident to the others in the family. However, she voices resentment in the first section; that explains her actions later in The in the novel. â€Å"And That’s why I can talk to him with knowing with hating because he knows. † (23) In the character of Cora Tull, Cora’s self-righteous and irritating piety comes through clearly. Her daughter Kate seems healthier in comparison as she complains Page 4 about the insensitivity of the rich. Cora’s attitude of acceptance seems kind at first, however turning out to be self-righteous and angry in the end. Cora continues to tell the reader about the cakes, thinking about them again without reason and continuing to take comfort in the power of God â€Å"Who can see into the heart. † (4) Cora’s interior monologue is she does not have to judge the rich because God will. Kate, and Eula are preoccupied with Cash, Darl, and Jewel and the possibility of future matrimony. Kate speaks with some scorn about Jewel’s fiery nature. Kate also speaks with scorn about Anse, predicting that if Addie dies Anse will find a new wife before cotton-picking time. Darl narrates the death of Addie Brundren. He tells the readers that Addie wanted to see Jewel. Anse informs her Jewel and Darl have gone off to ship lumber. Addie calls out to Cash, he fits two boards together for her to see. She looks at Vardaman, and it seems as if the light leaps back into her eyes, then suddenly goes dead. Weeping hysterically, Dewey Dell throws herself on her mother’s dead body while Vardaman, terrified, slips out from his mother’s room. Religion plays a role in these characters lives by way of the author who is critical of the religious characters of the book in a sense they are often blinded by their own piety. Many of the characters muse about God and man throughout the novel. Faulkner seems to be critical of simplistic Christianity. Eg: Minister Whitfield is revealed as a self-satisfied hypocrite who is hiding his transgression with Addie and yet is maintains that he has wrestled with devil and won. Cora’s piety grows increasing annoying throughout the novel especially when it becomes clear she ignores any fact which will contradict her beliefs. The Tulls and Peabody’s provide valuable outsider Page 5 perspective. They universally condemn Anse, for his laziness and weakness. Tull notes that one can always tell Anse shirts apart: â€Å"There are no sweat stains, the implication being that Anse never works. † (27) Meanwhile the Bundren’s opinions vary. Cora is extremely fond of Darl, she sees a sensibility and gentleness in him than any other Bundren. So much so that she seems to have illusions about him. She believes he begged to stay with Addie instead of delivering the lumber. She claims in her monologue that Vernon had told her too, while in Vernon’s own monologue we get the exchange with Darl. As Vernon’s Tull’s monologue depicts it, Darl hesitates and seems sad about leaving while Addie dies, however he does not beg. This example highlights the complexity of the characters In AS I LAY DYING. The readers listen to the strong opinions of how each character feels about the other. Interior monologue is usually emphasized far more than dialogue. While dialogue is used to reveal the way the characters would provide more objective evidence, we would lose the psychological complexity of the character portraits. Faulkner depicts the structure of what the novel suggests, real intimacy and tenderness are close to impossible in the Bundren family. Work and reality of poverty darken all aspects of life, hope, and longing are always expressed alone. The family lives in squalor with cramped conditions, and yet isolation is one of the families trademark. For eg: Darl reflects on his boyhood, and the first time he’s masturbated. Cash is sleeping not a few feet away, however Darl does not know if Cash is doing the same thing. Solitary masturbation in the dark is the only glimpse we get of Darl’s and sexuality. Addie’s death reminds us again of the harshness of rural poverty. The Page 6 themes of poverty and work run through the novel. Motherhood depicted in the novel is is life-destroying venture, without life or happiness. Peabody says of Addie and her fierce unspoken insistence that he leave the room: â€Å"Seem them women like Addie, drive from the room them coming with sympathy and pity, with actual help, and clinging to Trifling animal to which they never were more pack-horses† (41) Even more striking is the description of Addie’s hands. â€Å"The hands alone still with any semblance life, are curled, gnarled inertness; a spent yet alone quality from which weariness, exhaustion, travail has not departed, as though they doubted even yet the actuality of rest, guarding with horned and penurious alertness the cessation which they know cannot last. † (46). Addie’s hands bear the mark of her hard life on Earth. Dewey Dell’s thoughts are very muddled in the book. She doesn’t speak with the complicated, and eccentricity of Darl, however instead in a voice near-hysterical with worry. Her mother’s death is deeply painful to Dewey Dell. She throws herself upon Addie’s dead body, with an unexpected intensity. She has lost her lover, who has abandoned her and left her pregnant. Dewey Dell’s isolation is clear however she is so Used to being alone that she begins to resent people’s intrusions. Darl earns her resentment for example, because of how intimately he understands her. Even more Intrusive is the baby growing in her womb, which leads Dewey Dell to realize she must begin to worry about finding a way to end her pregnancy. The third section of the novel has Vardaman narrating. He is disturbed by the idea of shutting Addie up in the coffin. He speaks as if confused about the wonders of town and the mysteries of his mother’s death. He doesn’t understand he’s a country Page 7 boy and why there is a difference between the city life and the country life. He doesn’t understand the idea of death and his thoughts are confused when he compares Addie’s dead body to a dead fish. He feels the need to get Vernon, because he thinks Vernon saw the fish. A storm has began as Tull narrates. He is woken by Peabody’s passing team. Cora hears the noise and thinks Addie has passed. She wants to hitch up and go to help, but Tull prefers to wait until they are called. Vardaman, arrives at the door dripping wet and speaking incoherently about fish. His babbling is strange and eerie, and Tull shares in the reader’s reaction. â€Å"I’ll be durn if it didn’t give me the creeps. † (63). Both Vardaman and Darl are taken by questions of being, consciousness, and identity. His mother’s death has only added confusion to these questions; Vardaman does not understand how something that â€Å"is† can become a â€Å"was. † In other words destructive power of time. The terror of morality, and the mystery of no longer ceasing to exit on Earth becomes it is too much to handle for Vardaman. In his mind, his mother has become something else. Vardaman, turns death into a transformation. Eg: his mother is a fish. He imagines her as a rabbit, because she has gone far away, just like rabbits. He is also disturbed by the fact that they are going to eat the fish. Vardaman struggles to find teleology for the events around him. He tries to connect what happens to reasons, when in fact often things happen for no good reason at all. He blames his mother’s death on Peabody, because he believes Peabody’s arrival preceded his mother’s death. His reasoning though clearly incorrect, however it is much more reasonable than the rest of the characters explanations and thoughts in the novel. Reference Site: AS I LAY DYING By William Faulkner. How to cite American Literature Order, Essays

The inspectors message Essay Example For Students

The inspectors message Essay Throughout the play Inspector Goole serves the purpose of creating tension and intrigue. For example, towards the end of Act One the inspector announces that Eva Smith changed her name to Daisy Renton. Gerald Croft is started and asks the inspector to repeat his self. The inspector reiterates his statement to which Gerald croft reacts by pouring his self a glass of port creating an uneasy atmosphere. The inspector and Eric now leave the vicinity of the stage leaving Shelia and Gerald alone in this tense atmosphere. The audience now is intrigued to know what Gerald has done. Gerald now tries to avoid the subject to which Shelia exclaims; You not only knew her but you knew her very well. Otherwise you wouldnt have looked so guilty about it. One of the most important functions Inspector Goole serves is to act as a vehicle for Priestleys moral message; to teach the characters and audience that all our lives are linked. Like at the end of act two after Sybil Birling had been interrogated the inspector refuses to leave and Arthur comes to the conclusion that Eric is involved and proclaims; Look Inspector, youre not trying to tell us that that my boy is mixed up in this-? To which the inspector replies by saying sternly If he is, then we know what to do, dont we? Mrs Birling has just told us. His section of the play shows that, unbeknown to the family all their bad deeds are linked in the form of Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. The inspector is used all the way through the play to encourage the characters and audience to learn from the mistakes of the past and change in order to achieve a better future. The best example of this function is in the inspectors speech when he says millions of Eva Smiths and John  Smiths still left with us their lives intertwined with our own. We are responsible for each other. This extract just shows that the inspector does not want this point going to be overlooked and therefore re-enforces this point as one of his last words. I personally believe that Inspector Goole is successful in his five main functions. By the term functions I am referring to the main question asked which was Why do you think he inspector has called? This can be demonstrated by the way the characters react after his departure. Arthur, Sybil and Gerald were not as affected whereas the inspectors message has definitely sunk into the minds of Shelia and Eric. It was not only the characters that J.B. Priestley wanted the inspector to have an affect on, but also the audience. I believe that the inspector was successful in this also. This is because whilst reading the play I felt the emotions running though the play and even the slight anxiety that I would be the next to be interrogated. It also made me consider if any of the things I have done have had a negative effect on the lives of others. So, that is why I think that is why the inspector has called and not only affected the lives of the characters but the lives of the audience also. After Inspector Goole departs from the scene, Gerald returns with the news that the inspector was a hoax of some kind and there was no girl that died. Almost immediately, the phone rings and announces that a girl has just died and an inspector is about to call. I believe that after this news the Birling family and Gerald Croft now face a dilemma. Will they take the inspectors advice or will they cover up their actions? This is a question left in the mind of the audience.

Arnolfini Analysis free essay sample

His salary and position in the court system made Van Eyck a successful artist in comparison to other Netherlands artists, whose survival was dependent upon what they made from paintings alone. Jan van Eyck did paintings for private customers outside of his salaried Job. One thing that is unique about Van Eyck is that he signs his paintings in rare and unusual places, an example is the Arnolflni Double Portrait. The Arnolfini Double Portrait is an oil painting that was done on an oak panel that was dated by Van Eyck in 1434. This particular ainting has been known by a couple of titles such as The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolflni Marriage and the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolflni and his Wife. This painting is not very large in size it measures 33 X 221/2 but it does have a large story to tell which is not exactly obvious in the painting itself. The painting is thought to be a portrait of Giovanni Arnolflni and his wife, in their home in the Flemish city of Bruges. We will write a custom essay sample on Arnolfini Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This painting was bought by the National Gallery in London in 1842. Today the painting is in really good condition considering how old it is, the paint loss is minimal nd has been touched up. Van Eyck used vertical and horizontal lines to show the depth of the room as well as the objects in the room. At first glance, the painting is very realistic and depicts a man and a woman that are holding hands. The couple is obviously inside a room with a substantial amount of light coming through the windows, and the woman appears to be pregnant. The couple is assumed to be Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini and his wife Giovanna Cenami and is supposedly painted in their bedroom. This particular painting is also suggested to be a form of a marriage certificate for the couple. Van Eyck has many hidden meanings to things in this painting. Once you look closer at the painting you will notice small things such as the chandelier candle holder only has one candle lit on the entire thing. This is supposed to symbolize marriage in the Flemish culture and the one candle being lit is also supposed to symbolize the presence of the Holy information and different perspectives about this ordinary looking painting. I went to wiki first to look up the overall information about the Arnolflni Double Portrait. According to the wiki the way in which the couple is standing shows a onventional 1 5th century view on marriage and the roles. By the young woman standing next to the bed and being next to the man in the portrait shows her role as the caretaker while his position next to the open window shows that his role takes place outside of the house. Another thing that Jan van Eyck did to symbolize the role of the two was by their gazes; Giovanni was looking straight ahead while she was not looking straight ahead but directly at her husband to her right. The way in which the couples hands are positioned is yet another indication of the roles in which the two lay. His hand, according to wiki, represented his commanding position of authority, while her hand is in a more submissive position. This doesnt directly mean that her role is any less than his but that they are on a more equal level. Her face may be gazing at him, this shows that she is his equal because she is not looking down at the floor; by her not looking directly at the floor it also shows that the couple comes from wealth. I had learned in my art appreciation class from high school that the wife in the painting appears to be pregnant but actually was not. In that era it was the amount of material that measured your wealth, by the woman having an excess of material that she has to hold up symbolizes that they are a wealthy couple. Also an interesting fact that Mrs. Guthrie shared was that the woman in the painting supposedly died without ever having a kid, so if that is the case then the woman could not be pregnant but only appears to be pregnant. After doing some more research and reading I found out that the style of clothing for wealthy woman was very similar to her dress, which further supports the reason for Van Eyck to paint her in that ashion. Another opinion of her attire is that it symbolizes fertility and the hope for a child in the future. The green color of her dress also means hope and the white cap could mean that she is either a virgin or already married to Giovanni. The shoes being off and to the side of the room is said to be done out of respect for the wedding ceremony and to symbolize that the ceremony is taking place on what was known as holy ground. Another interesting fact I found was that during this era husbands would give their wives clogs to show stability and tranquility. Behind the ouple you can notice that the curtains on the bed and bed set are both red which signifies love, and red on the bed shows the physical part of love as a married couple. Van Eyck used many different things to signify the couples desire to have a child. The dog in the front center helps to symbolize this. If you look to the headboard you can see what is thought to be a carved fgure of Saint Margaret who is supposed to be the saint of pregnancy and childbirth. You can look past the subjects and see that there is a mirror in the back of the room, you may not be able to correctly identify what is een in the mirror unless you zoom in and look a little closer. Once you look closely at the mirror you will see that around the frame of the mirror there are different scenes that are from the Passion of Christ and could quite possibly represent the promise of salvation from God. Also the thing that I found even more interesting was that Van supports the idea that this painting is actually a form of a marriage certificate since there were witnesses present. Jan van Eyck did an awesome Job on capturing this moment in time. He created this ainting with nice complimentary colors that have meaning behind them such as the uses of red and green. This particular painting he chose to use oil paint instead of the easier choice of tempera paint. With the oil paint he was able to blend the colors together by painting wet in wet to give the painting a three dimensional form. Van Eyck was truly a talented artist from his time and this particular painting shows Just how talented he was. Works Cited http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arnolfini_Portrait http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/eyck/arnolflni/

Once Upon a Psychological Theory essays

Once Upon a Psychological Theory essays Many parents read fairy tales to their children. Young people are able to use their imaginations while listening to these fantastical stories. Filled with dragons, witches, damsels in distress, and heroes, these tales stay in the mind children for years to come. However, these young listeners are getting much more than a happy ending. Fairy tales such as The Goose Girl, The Three Little Pigs, Cinderella, and Snow White one can find theories of psychology. Erik Eriksons theories of social development as well as Sigmund Freuds theory of the map of the mind and his controversial Oedipal complex can be found in many fairy tales. Within every fairy tale there lies a hidden lesson in psychology. In 1963, psychoanalyst Erik Erikson developed one of the most comprehensive theories of social development. The theory centers around eight stages of psychological development. One of the stages, autonomy versus shame and doubt, occurs between the ages of one and a half and three years old. In this stage toddlers develop independence if freedom and exploration are encouraged. Autonomy itself means having control over oneself. At any given moment, our behavior, including this sense [autonomy], is influenced by the outer environment and our inner psychological state (Restak 268). If they are overly restricted and protected they develop shame. Shame is the estrangement of being exposed and conscious of being looked at disapprovingly, of wishing to bury ones face or sink into the ground. (Blake 115). The key to developing autonomy over shame and doubt lies in the amount of control. If parents control their children too much the children will not be able to develop their own se nse of control in the environment around them. However, if the parents provide too little control the children will become overly demanding. Gain...

Recommendation Report on Water Provision Methods at St. Osyth Essay

Recommendation Report on Water Provision Methods at St. Osyth - Essay Example Alternative ways of providing water t-o people living in this area is necessary so as to eliminate problems associated with water scarcity such as starvation and dehydration. This report is a recommendation of the best ways to provide water in these arid areas for the people around there (Funamizu et al, 2008; p. 15). The participants in this investigation were drawn from different t sectors in order to understand how the geographical limits would be combated in order to deliver effective provision of water. Background information St. Osyth in the coastal strip of East Anglia in Britain was identified as one of the areas that require recommendations of efficient water supply. Off0icially, it is the driest area in Britain with an annual rainfall of 20.20 in (513mm). As such, two ways of water provisions were selected for analysis and comparison in order to identify if whether both can be alternatively applied or if only one can be adopted for success of solving water shortage and cris is that often characterized these regions. These investigation and its consequent recommendations follow a long list of studies that have been done in identifying the problems associated with water supply and sanitation and that also face the OECD countries. However, several problems have been identified with regard to water supply and sanitation in general. The major problem has always been the balance of cost and sustainability with regard to water supply infrastructure.... Water provision typology Decentralized versus Centralized infrastructure Decentralized water provision infrastructure describes a local source of water and is also treated locally. At St. Osyth, wells can be dug in large scale in order to provide water at the local levels for use. The area administration should take it upon itself to commission a couple of large wells that have the potentials of producing enough water that can sustain the demand. The harvest of grey water which describes the recycling of non-industrial waste water, majorly a product of the domestic usage can be put into good use. The water is harvest treated and stored to feed the demand when the levels of water in the wells go down. According to USEPA, this non-industrial water is undrinkable but can fit efficiently in flushing of toilets, farm irrigation and other necessary purposes apart from drinking. Decentralized water infrastructure also includes the reclamation of water. Reclaimed water refers to originally w aste water but which been subjected to different levels of treatment in order to remove certain water impurities and solid waste. This water can be used for fire suppression, dust control and most importantly irrigation. When highly advanced treatment methods are applied, the reclaimed water can be used for more potable use such discharging the water into another water body before being utilized in other potable systems (Dolnicar and Schafer, 2009; p. 83). Centralized Fresh water Rain and storm water, reclaimed and grey water may be described under decentralized infrastructure but can also be identified as a singly different way of providing water at St.Osyth. However, in this case the most